Building External Adapters

Developers of external adapters will need to know how the Chainlink node requests data from it, and how the data should be formatted for a response. External adapters can be written in any language, and even run on separate machines, to include serverless functions.

The Official Chainlink External Adapter Monorepo (NodeJS) contains many examples to help get you started.

Requesting data

When an external adapter receives a request from the Chainlink node, the JSON payload will include the following objects:

• data (guaranteed to be present but may be empty)
• meta (optional, depends on job type)
• responseURL (optional, will be supplied if job supports asynchronous callbacks)
• id (optional, can be nice to use for EA logging to help debug job runs)

Examples

{ "data": {} }

{
  "data": {},
  "responseURL": "http://localhost:6688/v2/runs/278c97ffadb54a5bbb93cfec5f7b5503"
}

{
  "data": { "foo": 42 },
  "meta": { "bar": "baz" },
  "id": "2d38ecdb-975c-4f99-801c-b916a429947c"
}

Additional data may be specified in the spec to be utilized by the adapter. This can be useful for requesting data from a REST endpoint where the keys and values can be specified by the requester. For example, if the REST endpoint supports the following:

https://example.com/api/:parent/:child

Then the payload to the external adapter would need:

{
  "data": {
    "parent": "myParentValue",
    "child": "myChildValue"
  }
}

The values for :parent and :child can be used within the adapter to dynamically build the URL for the request. This same concept can also be applied to URLs with query values. For example:

https://example.com/api/?parent=myParentValue&child=myChildValue

Returning data

When the external adapter wants to return data immediately, it must include data in the returned JSON.

An example of the response data can look like:

{
  "data": {
    "symbol": "ETH-USD",
    "last": {
      "price": 467.85,
      "size": 0.01816561,
      "timestamp": 1528926483463
    }
  }
}

Returning errors

If the endpoint gave a known error, the error field should be included in the external adapter's response back to the Chainlink node.

An example of what the error response payload should look like:

{
  "error": "The endpoint is under maintenance."
}

Asynchronous callbacks

Some job types support external callbacks. When supported, Chainlink will provide a non-null responseURL alongside the request payload.

If the external adapter wants to return data immediately it can simply respond with data directly as normal.

If the external adapter wants to use the response URL to send data later, it may initially return a response like this:

{
  "pending": true
}

In this case, the job run on Chainlink side will be put into a pending state, awaiting data which can be delivered at a later date.

When the external adapter is ready, it should callback to the node to resume the JobRun using an HTTP PATCH request to the responseURL field. This will resume the job on the Chainlink side.

{
  "data": {
    "symbol": "ETH-USD",
    "last": {
      "price": 467.85,
      "size": 0.01816561,
      "timestamp": 1528926483463
    }
  }
}

Or, for the error case:

{
  "error": "something went wrong"
}

Example

Here is a complete example of a simple external adapter written as a serverless function. This external adapter takes two input fields, inserts the API key as a header, and returns the resulting payload to the node.

let request = require("request")

exports.myExternalAdapter = (req, res) => {
  const url = "https://some-api.example.com/api"
  const coin = req.body.data.coin || ""
  const market = req.body.data.market || ""
  let requestObj = {
    coin: coin,
    market: market,
  }
  let headerObj = {
    API_KEY: "abcd-efgh-ijkl-mnop-qrst-uvwy",
  }
  let options = {
    url: url,
    headers: headerObj,
    qs: requestObj,
    json: true,
  }

  request(options, (error, response, body) => {
    if (error || response.statusCode >= 400) {
      let errorData = {
        jobRunID: req.body.id,
        status: "errored",
        error: body,
      }
      res.status(response.statusCode).send(errorData)
    } else {
      let returnData = {
        jobRunID: req.body.id,
        data: body,
      }
      res.status(response.statusCode).send(returnData)
    }
  })
}

If given "ETH" as the value for coin and "USD" as the value for market, this external adapter will build the following URL for the request:

https://some-api.example.com/api?coin=ETH&market=USD

The headers in this case would include the API key, but that could just as easily be added to the requestObj if an API requires the key in the URL.